Political parties, with aims to secure their victory in elections, often rely on the promise and distribution of ‘freebies’. These promises to voters, in exchange for their votes, can range from household goods to even transferring of cash. The delivery of such promises done for the purposes of gaining the public’s vote can be seen as something that endangers the nation’s democratic processes. The use of freebies as a political tool has gained popularity in electoral campaigns since the late 20th century.
Why do Political Parties use Freebies as a Political Tool?
Firstly, freebies act as an element of immediate gratification. They provide tangible profit to the voters in return for their sense of loyalty and gratitude towards the party or the candidate that supplied them with the benefit. A significant portion of our nation lies below the poverty line. The offer of goods like televisions, laptops, and other household appliances, in exchange for a vote, seems highly appealing to voters. Keeping this in mind, parties and candidates use this as a political tool. The promise of freebies can tip the scales in favor of a particular party or candidate.
The Scrutinisation of the Usage of Freebies as Political Tools.
The Supreme Court of India has scrutinized the usage of freebies in electoral campaigns every now and then, highlighting the need to prevent electoral malpractice. However, a comprehensive law regulating freebies is yet to be enacted. Hence, this leads to ambiguity and uneven enforcement.
While the Representation of People's Act, 1951, prohibits the bribing of voters, political parties have found ways to bend these rules, promising a variety of freebies to gain votes. This activity of offering freebies has often been criticized amongst the citizens, being referred to as ‘vote buying’.
The Election Commission of India (ECI) has also voiced their concern on the impact of freebies in the electoral environment. Its Model Code of Conduct does mention provisions regarding the reduction of the usage of freebies as political tools, yet the enforcement of these provisions has been challenging.
Critics argue that the focus on electoral gains through freebies can uplift the quality of life for a certain section of society, but they can also foster dependency. When citizens become accustomed to receiving goods and services for free, it can reduce their motivation to work hard, be productive, and contribute to the economy.
The Impact of Freebies on State Finances
The usage of freebies in electoral campaigns often leads to severe strains on state financial budgets, increasing deficits, and rising debt levels. This poses a challenge to the nation’s economic stability and economic growth. This economic impact must be kept in mind. Instead of short-term, politically motivated offers, political leaders must go ahead with a welfare approach as it is crucial that welfare be distinguished from freebie culture.
Conclusion
It is important that we understand the impact of freebies in our economic and socio-cultural environment. For India’s long term prosperity, it is necessary that we go ahead with a balanced approach that promotes sustainable economic growth and fiscal responsibility. Every political party has a right to create subsidy ecosystems to give their target audience the benefits. However, there should not be a long-term burden on the economic health of the state or the central government.
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